Now, I think the limitation comes from the fact that containers are spread over a number of Docker hosts, and volumes do not work over remote connections. I’ve had this problem too, even in Docker Compose, so I wonder whether CircleCI’s underlying Docker system distributes containers over several machines even in a DC system.
However, if you use the Machine executor, you’re on a single VM, and so volumes will work as expected.
Nor me, but this is my experience, with running Docker Compose inside a CircleCI Docker executor.