Unable to publish Ruby/Rails docker image from CircleCI

We’re seeing an issue building a Ruby Dockerfile on CircleCI. I can build the image locally, but when we try to use the Docker orb to build the image, we see errors complaining about “Operation not permitted”:

Step 10/23 : RUN gem install bundler:$BUNDLER_VERSION && bundle install
 ---> Running in 24cab0098d8b
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (ThreadError)
    can't create Thread: Operation not permitted
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb:101:in `initialize'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb:101:in `new'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb:101:in `create_timeout_thread'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb:134:in `block in ensure_timeout_thread_created'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb:132:in `synchronize'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb:132:in `ensure_timeout_thread_created'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/timeout.rb:181:in `timeout'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/net/http.rb:1269:in `connect'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/net/http.rb:1248:in `do_start'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/net/http.rb:1243:in `start'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/request/http_pool.rb:43:in `setup_connection'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/request/https_pool.rb:7:in `setup_connection'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/request/http_pool.rb:39:in `make_connection'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/request/http_pool.rb:20:in `checkout'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/request.rb:129:in `connection_for'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/request.rb:188:in `perform_request'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/request.rb:154:in `fetch'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb:309:in `request'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb:209:in `fetch_http'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/remote_fetcher.rb:248:in `fetch_path'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/source.rb:88:in `dependency_resolver_set'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/resolver/best_set.rb:23:in `block in pick_sets'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/source_list.rb:94:in `each'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/source_list.rb:94:in `each_source'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/resolver/best_set.rb:22:in `pick_sets'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/resolver/best_set.rb:28:in `find_all'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/resolver/installer_set.rb:170:in `find_all'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/resolver/installer_set.rb:61:in `add_always_install'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:322:in `resolve_dependencies'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:205:in `install_gem'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:230:in `block in install_gems'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:223:in `each'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:223:in `install_gems'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/commands/install_command.rb:169:in `execute'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/command.rb:327:in `invoke_with_build_args'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:252:in `invoke_command'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:192:in `process_args'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:150:in `run'
	/usr/local/lib/ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:51:in `run'
	/usr/local/bin/gem:10:in `<main>'
The command '/bin/bash -c gem install bundler:$BUNDLER_VERSION && bundle install' returned a non-zero code: 1

Exited with code exit status 1

CircleCI received exit code 1