As I understand it, the EXPOSE directive is effectively documentation, and does not have an effect on your runtimes - you still need to publish ports. To be clear, it can affect the -P switch (publish all) but there is no need to use that, since you can use -p.
(And I think EXPOSE is discouraged anyway, as there is no way to remove it or change it from downstream images - exactly the problem you are bumping into).
There are plenty of reasons to reject a CI system, but don’t die on this hill 
- this is a miniscule problem with a perfectly easy solution.