Yes, I got that on Tuesday too - I was wanting to fix up a PHP 5.4 image based on Jessie, and after repairing it in the way that you did, it seemed to get its OS updates (via apt-get upgrade) but then simple tools (like wget) would not install.
In the end I built a new Docker image and compiled PHP 5.4 from scratch. A bit of a fiddle, but it’s nice to be on a supported operating system.
It’s possible that the Jessie image is fully repairable - it has only been archived as far as I can tell - but I was not willing to spend more time on it. I estimated that it was quicker to fix the issue properly (move off Jessie) that spend time debugging Apt.